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2022 Pride of Bethlehem Steel, PA(宾州伯利恒钢厂·企业的荣耀)


发表时间:+-

2022-01-02 National Science Fiction Day

Bethlehem0001.JPG

Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird·XIII (1917)】 

Wallace Stevens (1879—1955)

                It was evening all afternoon.   

                It was snowing   

                And it was going to snow.   

                The blackbird sat   

                In the cedar limbs. 

    —— ? —— ? —— ? —— ? —— ? —— ? —— ? ——

《观赏黑鹂鸟的十三种方式》之十三(1917年)

华莱士·史蒂文斯“异乡人·花环”(1879生—1955卒)

【红霞译】

                整个下午宛若黄昏。

                雪花飘落

                下个不停。

                黑鹂鸟栖息在

                雪杉树枝上。

【注】伯利恒“面包房”钢铁公司,从1857年到2003年,前后辉煌了整整146年,其总部设在宾夕法尼亚“山林”州的伯利恒城,曾经是美国工业皇冠上第二颗最耀眼的明珠。

这家公司旗下有两家子公司,分别跃居美国第二大炼钢厂和第一大造船厂。由它生产的锻造钢材,不仅出现在美国最著名的地标性建筑中——金门大桥的巍峨钢索、克莱斯勒“陶工”大厦的银色尖顶、麦迪逊“神赐之子”广场花园的穹顶、洛克菲勒“黑麦田”中心的骨架、911中被炸毁的世界贸易中心双塔、胡佛大片土地水坝的巨型闸门、旧金山恶魔岛上的牢笼——都曾流淌着伯利恒钢铁的血液。与此同时,它的产品还广泛应用于国防军械、能源发电、铁路运输、石油加工、煤炭开采和钢铁行业本身。

在巅峰时期,伯利恒钢铁公司雇佣了超过30万工人,其总部工厂占地1,800英亩,拥有数不清的熔炉、轧钢机和船台。二战期间,这家公司为美国海军建造了超过1,000艘舰船,是盟军胜利的重要保障。战后,它又参与了美国历史上最大规模的基础设施建设,为高速公路、桥梁、水坝提供了源源不断的钢材。

然而,辉煌终有尽时。

上世纪80年代,随着进口钢材大举冲击美国市场,日本和德国的钢铁企业凭借更先进的技术和更低廉的成本,开始蚕食伯利恒的市场份额。与此同时,公司内部的问题也逐渐暴露:设备老化,技术落后,业务结构僵化。曾经引以为傲的垂直整合模式,在新的全球竞争格局下反而成了累赘。

管理层因循守旧,固守着几十年前的成功经验,对新技术、新模式的变革反应迟缓。劳工权益诉讼日趋增多,养老金负担日益沉重,生产成本居高不下。这家曾经不可一世的钢铁巨头,在廉价的外国劳动力面前节节败退,无法与之竞争。

2001年,伯利恒钢铁公司宣告破产。2003年,它将剩余资产出售给美国国际钢铁集团(Intl Steel Group)后彻底解散。2005年,印度米塔尔盟友”钢铁公司(Mittal Steel Company)吞并国际钢铁集团,从此结束了美国对伯利恒钢铁公司资产的最终所有权。一个曾经定义美国工业的巨人,就此从历史舞台上消失。

伯利恒钢铁公司的消亡,发生在美国制造工业转型的战略抉择和战略走势上。但症结更在于,这家企业只顾片面追求短期利润的增加,而不考虑内部结构的长远发展。它未能在更先进的新技术基础上全面提升国际竞争力,最终被市场规律无情淘汰。

如今,伯利恒城的钢铁厂遗址已被改造为一个娱乐综合体,其中包括一个大型赌场和室内水上乐园。曾经的熔炉车间变成了购物中心,曾经的船台成了停车场。但每年仍有无数老工人和他们的后代来到这里,在那些锈迹斑斑的钢铁结构中,寻找着关于那个时代的记忆——一个美国制造的时代,一个钢铁铸就的世纪。

伯利恒钢铁公司遗址已载入《国家史迹名录》。

Today in History(历史上的今天):

2014: Maputo Eccentric Elephant Fetus, MZ(莫桑比克首都神奇的幼象胚胎)

2013: Cruising at Sea in S America(南美海上休闲日)

2022-01-02_5 Blast Furnaces-10001.JPG5 Blast Furnaces (五座高炉)

2022-01-02_A Changing Landscape in Hope of Historic Preservation & Economic Development-10001.JPGA Changing Landscape in Hope of Historic Preservation & Economic Development

(时过境迁·载入史册的企业保留地,藉之促进当地经济发展)

2022-01-02_A Changing Landscape_Ingredients of Coal_ Ore_ & Cheap Labor for Its Early Success in the Steel Besiness0001.JPGIngredients of Coal, Ore, & Cheap Labor for Its Early Success in the Steel Business

(钢铁行业的早期成功三要素·煤炭、矿石和廉价劳动力)

2022-01-02_Visitor Ctr-10001.JPG

Visitor Ctr (游客中心 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_Blast Furnace A @ the Flagship Plant-10001.JPG

Blast Furnace A @ the Flagship Plant

(旗舰工厂·第一座高炉 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_Levitt Pavilion SteelStacks0001.JPGLevitt Pavilion SteelStacks 

(莱维特和谐地结合”露天剧场钢铁高炉)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel Stacks-10001.JPG

Bethlehem Steel Stacks (伯利恒炼钢炉高炉 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_A Legacy of Steel in Work_ Identity_& Pride-10001.JPG

A Legacy of Steel in Work, Identity, & Pride

(钢铁传承·工作、身份和自豪感 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Beam-10001.JPGBethlehem Beam (伯利恒的栋梁)

2022-01-02_America's Second-Largest Steel Producer & Largest Shipbuilder-50001.JPG

America's 2nd-Largest Steel Producer & Largest Shipbuilder

(美国第二大钢铁厂=最大的造船厂)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel Flywheel Providing Maximum Energy Output from Minimal Energy Input-10001.JPG

Bethlehem Steel Flywheel Providing Maximum Energy Output from Minimal Energy Input 

(伯利恒钢制飞轮·以最小的能量输入提供最大的能量输出 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel Flywheel_Engine Room-10001.JPGExterior of Engine Room (机房外观)

An Interior of Engine Room (机房内示)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel Flywheel Providing Maximum Energy Output from Minimal Energy Input-20001.JPGFlywheel (飞轮)

2022-01-02_Heating Treat-30001.JPG

Heating Treat (加热处理系统)

2022-01-02_A Legacy of Steel in Work_ Identity_& Pride-10001.JPG

Ingredients Loading for Iron-Making

(炼铁运输系统 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_02_In 2005_ ISG merged with Mittal Steel_ ending American ownership of the assets of Bethlehem Steel0001.JPGFollowing a decline in the American steel industry and other issues that led to bankruptcy in 2001, the company was dissolved, and its remaining assets were sold to International Steel Group (ISG).

(每况愈下的美国钢铁业与其它隐患导致2001破产、资产变卖)

2022-01-02_No. 2 Machine Shop_Wartime Steel w Armor Plating for the US Navy-10001.JPGNo. 2 Machine Shop, Wartime Steel w/ Armor Plating for the US Navy

(2号机械车间·为美国海军提供战时装甲钢材)

2022-01-02_Loading of Iron Ore & Limestone in Transfer Cars & Coke Delivered by Hopper Cars-70001.JPG

Loading of Iron Ore & Limestone in Transfer Cars & Coke Delivered by Hopper Cars

(用运输车装载铁矿石和石灰石、用漏斗车转送焦炭)

2022-01-02_Mack Truck Stop0001.JPGMack Truck Stop (风流儿卡车站)

2022-01-02_One of the Hardest Jobs in the World-10001.JPG

One of the Hardest Jobs in the World (世上最苦的活计之一)

2022-01-02_Steel from This Plant Built_ Bridged_ & Powered America-10001.JPGSteel from This Plant Built, Bridged, & Powered America

(正是这家工厂生产的钢材缔造、建设和强大了美国)

X_2022-01-02_Hoover-Mason Trestle-30001.JPG

Hoover-Mason Trestle

(胡佛梅森“富农—石匠”栈桥 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_01_After a decline in the American steel industry and other problems leading to the bankruptcy in 2001_ the company was dissolved and the remaining assets sold to International Steel0001.JPGIn 2005, ISG Merged w/ Mittal Steel, Ending American Ownership of the Assets of Bethlehem Steel

(2005年米塔尔钢铁兼并国际钢铁集团,结束了美国对伯利恒钢铁资产的所有权)

2022-01-02_4 Season of Interest-10001.JPG

4 Season of Interest w/ the Massive Blast Furnaces

(四季植物与大型高炉)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel Corporation's Flagship Manufacturing Facility-50001.JPGBethlehem Steel Corporation's Flagship Manufacturing Facility

(伯利恒钢铁公司的旗舰制造工厂)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel F.C.0001.JPGBethlehem Steel F.C (伯利恒钢铁足球俱乐部原址)

2022-01-02_Bethlehem Steel Corporation's Flagship Manufacturing Facility-10001.JPGFailure to Compete w/ Global Competition & Management's Penchant for Short-Term Profits in the Heavy Industry

(丧失国际竞争力与管理层经济短视导致该重工业破产 01-02-2022)

2022-01-02_Iron Foundry0001.JPGIron Foundry (铸造厂)

2022-01-02_Former Bethlehem Steel Company Headquarters Bldg0001.JPGFormer Headquarters Bldg (老总部大厦)

2022-01-02_One of the Few Preseved Bldgs0001.JPGOne of the Few Preserved Bldgs (个别保存完好的建筑之一)

Memorabilia (纪念物标志)

2022-01-02_Lehigh Valley Railroad-10001.JPGLehigh Valley Railroad, the Economic Backbone

(里海“河汊”谷铁路线·经济命脉)

2022-01-02_Bridge_Fahy Bridge over Lehigh Valley Railroad0001.JPGFahy Bridge over Lehigh Valley Railroad

(里海铁路上法伊睿智”桥)

2022-01-02_Bridge_Fahy Bridge over the Shallow & Rocky Lehigh RIver0001.JPGNew Street Bridge over the Shallow & Rocky Lehigh River

(浅水与多礁的里海河上新街桥)

2022-01-02_Bridge_Hill to Hill Bridge-20001.JPGHill to Hill Bridge above the Lehigh River

(里海河上山间桥)

2022-01-02_Bridge_Hill to Hill Bridge-40001.JPGOverlook of Hill to Hill Bridge (鸟瞰山间桥)

2022-01-02_A Community of Workers-20001.JPGA Community of Workers (职工区)

2022-01-02_PBS39, Local PBS Station of Lehigh Valley Public Media0001.JPGPBS39, Local PBS Station of Lehigh Valley Public Media

(当地公共广播站39电台·里海谷公共媒体)

2022-01-02_Historic Conservation District0001.JPGHistoric Conservation District (历史保护区)

2022-01-02_Quakertown0001.JPGQuakertown (夸克敦教友镇”)

2022-01-02_Quakertown_Marijuana Store of Small Town Pharmacy0001.JPG

Medical Marijuana of Small Town Pharmacy @ Quakertown 

(夸克敦·小镇药房出售医用大麻)

Crosslink(相关博文):

USA(出游美国)

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