华府华文作家协会写作工坊2023-24学年

第一课 傅正明 (瑞典) 《用中国古典诗词风格翻译英美名诗》

讲课开头语和例释

「自修文字诞言少，他处我来同感多，交汇东西求意笔，换珠得乐作弦歌。」这是笔者的藏头诗「自他交换」，此乃藏传佛教「自他交换」的大乘修行禅定之法，汉传佛教称为「代众生苦」。我借此诗同时表达我自己的翻译体验。在翻译中，译者不是孤立的自我，译者应当对原作者怀抱同情或设身处地激发起感同身受的共鸣，以直译和意译的形象之美以及音韵的朗朗上口作为翻译英语格律诗的标准。

例释一
克里斯蒂娜· 罗塞蒂（ Christina Rossetti）<哀歌 >(A Dirge)，

傅译<少年游 （别格 ）>二首： 

Why were you born when the snow was falling?
问君生日，缘何寒苦，飞雪正飞扬？
You should have come to the cuckoo's calling,
祥和时节，春来布穀，啼叫唤儿郎，
Or when grapes are green in the cluster,
或应景葡萄新绿，
Or, at least, when lithe swallows muster
轻燕聚华堂。
For their far off flying
怎奈鸣禽飞天际，
From summer dying.
温情死，夏时亡。
 
Why did you die when the lambs were cropping?
问君归去，缘何仓促，青草正肥羊？
You should have died at the apples' dropping,
秋来苹果，纷纷落地，催老入原乡，
When the grasshopper comes to trouble,
或应景昆虫遭难，
And the wheat-fields are sodden stubble,
郊野麦田黄。
And all winds go sighing
阵阵来风皆哀歎，
For sweet things dying.
芳菲劫，美沦亡。
 
例释二
金斯堡（ Ellen Ginsberg）<东方谣>（ An Eastern Ballad）
 
I speak of love that comes to mind:       诉说情灵关爱意，  
The moon is faithful, although blind      遥望明月作皈依， 
 She moves in thought she cannot speak.    神思语噎偏盲后，
Perfect care has made her bleak.         完璧镜圆无欲时。 
  I never dreamed the sea so deep,       深海未曾逰梦境，
 The earth so dark; so long my sleep,     浊寰却已误晨曦。
 I have become another child           轮回蝶化他家子，
 I wake to see the world go wild.        醒看世风狂野吹。

例释叁
叶慈（W.B. Yeats ）《情殇其一. 八六子》（The Sorrow of Love I）
傅正明译                     |    施蛰存译《恋之悲哀》

The quarrel of the sparrows in the eaves,
雀群飞，绕檐争嘴，        |  簷落间禾雀的聒噪
The full round moon and the star-laden sky,
星河皓月同辉，                 | 望夜的明月，与披星的天，
And the loud song of the ever-singing leaves,
听草叶高歌永在，                  | 和那永远鸣唱着的木叶的高歌，
Had hid away earth's old and weary cry.
浊尘哀泣稀闻，匿声片时。 | 已隐蔽了尘世的古老而疲惫的歌声。
And then you came with those red mournful lips,
朱唇来兮衔悲，                  |  于是你带着那哀怨的朱唇来了，
And with you came the whole of the world's tears,
为尔普天流泪，                 | 与你同来的，有世界上全部的眼泪，
And all the sorrows of her labouring ships,
帆船苦聚愁思，           | 和她的劳苦的船所有的烦恼，
And all burden of her myriad years.
数百载，肩头重荷同哭。       | 和她的几千代所有的烦恼。
And now the sparrows warring in the eaves,
此时禾雀，旧年兵戈，              |   如今那再簷落间喧扰的禾雀，
The crumbling moon, the white stars in the sky,
星天低挂蟾宫冷寂，             | 那凝乳似的皓月，闪着白光的空中的星，
And the loud chanting of the unquiet leaves,                          高吟衰草迷离，                | 不安静的木叶的高歌，

Are shaken with earth's old and weary cry.

尽含悲，歌摇万年泫啼。| 都应和着尘世的古老而疲惫的呼声而颤抖了。
   （1892年初写本）

叶慈（W.B. Yeats）《情殇其二. 八六子》 (The Sorrow of Love II) 
傅正明译

The brawling of a sparrow in the eaves    雀单飞，绕簷争嘴，  
The brilliant moon and all the milky sky,  星河皓月同辉，               
And all that famous harmony of leaves,  愿溷迹和融草叶
Had blotted out man's image and his cry. 澹忘冲突心图，揾乾泫啼。 
A girl arose that had red mournful lips  朱唇情劫伤悲，         
And seemed the greatness of the world in tears, 普世泪泉泓邃，       
Doomed like Odysseus and the laboring ships 
                          英雄十载乡思。奥德赛风帆命中撕裂。
And proud as Priam murdered with his peers, 两强矛舞，独夫头断。
Arose, and on the instant clamorous eaves, 重闻屋角翻飞鸟语，   
A climbing moon upon an empty sky,  虚空流泻蟾晖，                        
And all that lamentation of the leaves,           草离离，
Could but compose man's image and his cry. 殷殷抚平泫啼。               
（1925年重写本）

例释四
庞德（Ezra Pound）倣《鲁拜集》叁韵之一 （《比萨诗章之八十》
The Quatrains about the Wars of the Roses  From Canto LXXX

 Tudor indeed is gone and every rose,             都铎玫瑰一一凋，
Blood-red, blanch-white that in the sunset glows       残阳漂白火红焦，
Cries: "Blood, Blood, Blood!" against the gothic stone英伦血溅教堂石，
Of England, as the Howard or Boleyn knows.          王族巅峰知落潮。

例释五
雪莱（Shelley）《哀歌》（A Lament ）
傅正明译                       |        许渊衝译

O World! O Life! O Time!
世界人生时晷老，       |  啊！世界！人生！光阴！
On whose last steps I climb
攀登跬步到高标，      |  对我是山穷水尽，
Trembling at that where I had stood before;
惊眸回望旧时路，      |  往日的踪影使我心惊。
When will return the glory of your prime?
欲挽韶年有绝招？     |  青春的光辉何时能再回？
No more -- Oh, never more!
别了，芳华永别了！  |  不会啊！永远不会！
  
Out of the day and night
日夜推移行旅早，   |  欢乐别了白天黑夜，
A joy has taken flight:
一程欢笑随风飘，   | 已经远走高飞
Fresh spring, and summer, and winter hoar
春花夏草冬寒雪，   |  春夏秋冬都令人心碎，
Move my faint heart with grief, but with delight
携我悲欢起落潮，     | 赏心事随流水落花去也，
No more -- Oh, never more!
别了，逝波永别了！  |  一去啊！永远不回！

例释六
罗伯特·弗罗斯特（Robert Frost）《偶观星象（玉蝴蝶慢）》

（On Looking Up by Chance at the Constellations）

傅正明译                        | 余光中译
You'll wait a long, long time for anything much
久候碧空奇象：              | 你要等很久，很久才会见到
To happen in heaven beyond the floats of cloud
浮云之外，幻见天堂。        | 除了浮云，天上会有多少动静，
And the Northern Lights that run like tingling nerves.
北极光圈，旋动一片惊惶。    | 和北极光转动如刺耳的神经。
The sun and moon get crossed, but they never touch,
日和月，盘行不碰，          | 日和月相错，但从不相触，
Nor strike out fire from each other nor crash out loud.
不擦火，                    | 不会擦出火花或撞得熄火。
The planets seem to interfere in their curves
星宿乖张，有恆常，           | 行星的曲线似乎互不相扰
But nothing ever happens, no harm is done.
各行其道，无甚伤亡。         | 却不会出事，也没有害处。
We may as well go patiently on with our life,
良方，人生隐忍，             | 不如且耐心地过我们的日子，
And look elsewhere than to stars and moon and sun
少观星月，眺望尘乡。         | 向日月星辰以外去寻找
For the shocks and changes we need to keep us sane.
变卦无惊，                   | 令人清醒的意外与变化。
It is true the longest drouth will end in rain,
旱田求雨有希望。             | 诚然，最长的旱灾终会降雨，
The longest peace in China will end in strife.
看中国长期稳定，终有乱，     |中国最久的太平会止于刀兵。
Still it wouldn't reward the watcher to stay awake
和谐东方，                   | 观星人恐怕只会徒然守夜，
In hopes of seeing the calm of heaven break
黯无望，                     | 为了看太空的静谧中断
On his particular time and personal sight.
黄昏人静，                   | 恰在他躬逢的时刻目睹
That calm seems certainly safe to last to-night.
今夜安详。                   | 这静谧保险能无恙，今夕。

例释七

拜伦（Lord Byron）《唐璜》（ Don Juan）第1章第73节
 
傅正明译                       | 穆旦译

But passion most dissembles yet betray
情深故作无情状，     |  热情力图僞装，但因深文周纳，
Even by its darkness; as the blackest sky 
爱火闷烧更显彰。     | 反而暴露了自己；有如乌云蔽天，
Foretells the heaviest tempest, it displays 
云影浓浓天兆雨，    | 遮蔽越暗，越显示必有暴风雨。
Its workings through the vainly guarded eye, 
星眸澹澹波翻江。    | 眼睛想掩饰内心也总归枉然。
And in whatever aspect it arrays 
花招虚晃露真象，    | 因为热情无论躲在什么假象裡，
Itself, 't is still the same hypocrisy; 
明慧偷窥察热肠，    | 那终究是装模装样，易于看穿：
Coldness or anger, even disdain or hate, 
怨怒徒然戴面具，    | 冷漠，嗔怒，甚至轻蔑或憎恨，
Are masks it often wears, and still too late. 
瞬间脱落见情狂。    |  都是它的假面具，但骗不了人。