新闻媒体的九种类型

新闻媒体的九种类型

《媒体偏见事实检查》网页（https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/）列出九种类型的网站（最少偏见，偏左，中间偏左，中间偏右，偏右，阴谋-伪科学，可疑来源，亲科学，讽刺）。这家网页提供了它评判左右的标准（https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/left-vs-right-bias-how-we-rate-the-bias-of-media-sources/），供大家参考。这网页包括了大多数新闻媒体，如果谁想查一查某个新闻媒体，偏左还是偏右，极左还是极右，搞笑还是严肃新闻，假科学还是真科学，假消息还是阴谋论，你基本上都可以得到参考。

《媒体偏见事实检查》网页评论美国的美联社和英国的路透社（www.reuters.com），是最少偏见而且事实可查的可靠新闻媒体。这里选择了一些著名媒体和它们孰左孰右，包括对一左（CNN）和一右（FOX）作的评价，由读者自我评判。实际上，世界从来没有真正中立的，《媒体偏见事实检查》网页的编辑们，也许都是中间偏左的。

美国新闻媒体中的三大支柱（ABC, CBS, NBC），《媒体偏见事实检查》网页把它们归于中间偏左的。尽管它们的观众在减少，但是它们与CNN和赫芬顿邮报加起来，比中间偏右和偏右媒体加起来，显然势力强得多。因此，总体来讲，媒体是倾向左的。

美国是自由世界，谁都有权利选择他（她）喜欢的新闻媒体和频道。你可以把“信誓旦旦”的搞笑媒体，当作已经验证的事实，谁都不会在乎。有人喜欢小报（tabloid），有人喜欢大报，青菜萝卜，各取所需。

左派洗脑，右派也洗脑。脑子深洗后的邪教徒，选择自杀；脑子深洗后的左右派，选择脑子终生残废。

注：下面中文来自谷歌翻译，多数是照搬的。

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最少偏见: 这些资料来源的偏见极小，使用加重词汇很少（试图通过吸引情感或刻板印象来影响听众的措词）。 它的报道是事实的和通常有来源的。 这些是最可靠的媒体来源。

• 美联社（apnews.com）-美国

总体而言，由于对新闻稿的偏左编辑，我们对美联社的评分为临界线上的“左中偏见”。但由于对故事的平衡选择，我们对它的总体评价为“最少偏见”。 由于适当的采集和干净的事实检查记录，我们也将他们的事实报告评为“非常高”。

• 路透社（www.reuters.com）-英国

总体而言，由于对信息的正确选择，偏见最少，事实核对记录清晰，我们根据客观报告对路透社最偏见进行评级，对事实报告的评价为“非常高”。

偏左：这些媒体来源通过故事选择和/或政治联系而对自由主义事业有中等偏重的偏见。 他们可能会使用带有强烈含义的单词（试图通过诉诸情感或刻板印象来影响听众的措词），发布误导性报告，并忽略可能破坏自由主义原因的信息报告。 此类别中的某些来源可能是不可信的。

• CNN（www.cnn.com）-美国

总体而言，我们对CNN的偏见是基于始终偏爱左翼的社论立场，而直接新闻报道则由于疏忽而偏左。由于电视节目主持人多次事实检查失败，我们也将他们评为“事实报道混合”。但是，网站上的新闻报道往往可以通过最少的事实检查得到正确的来源。

• 赫芬顿邮报（www.huffingtonpost.com）-美国

总体而言，我们根据故事选择和偏爱左派的社论立场，对《 HuffPost左偏爱》进行评分。由于事实检查失败和伪科学的推广，我们也将其评为“事实报道混合”。

中间偏左：这些媒体来源有轻微到中等的自由主义偏见。 他们经常发布事实信息，这些信息利用加载的单词（试图通过诉诸情感或刻板印象来影响听众的措词）来支持自由主义事业。 这些来源通常值得信赖，但可能需要进一步调查。

• ABC新闻（abcnews.go.com）-美国

• 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（www.cbsnews.com）-美国

• NBC新闻（www.nbcnews.com）-美国

• 纽约时报(www.nytimes.com)-美国

总的来说，我们对纽约时报左派人士的偏见是基于对单词和故事的选择，偏向于左派人士，但事实性强，由于适当的采购和受人尊敬的记者/编辑，因此被认为是最可靠的新闻信息来源之一。 失败的事实检查是在Op-Ed上进行的，不是直接的新闻报道。

中间偏右：这些媒体来源在偏见方面略有保守。 他们经常发布事实信息，这些信息利用加载的单词（试图通过诉诸情感或刻板印象来影响听众的措词）来支持保守的原因。 这些来源通常值得信赖，但可能需要进一步调查。

• 卡托研究所(www.cato.org)-美国

• 福布斯（www.forbes.com）-美国

• 纽约邮报（nypost.com）-美国

• 华尔街日报（www.wsj.com）-美国

总体而言，我们对《华尔街日报》右中心的偏见归因于新闻报道的偏低以及偏右的强烈编辑立场。 由于反气候，反科学立场以及偶发的误导性社论，我们也将其评为“大多数”，而不是“高”。

偏右：这些媒体来源通过故事选择和/或政治派别在某种程度上偏向保守派。他们可能会使用带有强烈含义的单词（试图通过诉诸情感或刻板印象来影响听众的措词），发布误导性报告，并忽略可能破坏保守原因的信息报告。此类别中的某些来源可能是不可信的。

• 哈德森研究所（www.hudson.org）-美国

总体而言，我们根据偏爱保守派/自由主义者权利的社论和政策立场，对哈德森学院的“权利偏见”进行了评分。 由于适当的采购和干净的事实检查记录，我们也将他们的事实报告评为高。

• 福克斯新闻（www.foxnews.com）-美国

我们对福克斯新闻的评价为极右偏，因为其偏爱社论的立场和故事选择。 我们还根据资源匮乏和阴谋理论的传播对他们进行了事实和边界可疑的混合评估。

阴谋-伪科学

可疑来源

亲科学

讽刺

以下来自https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/

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Least Biased: These sources have minimal bias and use very few loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by appealing to emotion or stereotypes).  The reporting is factual and usually sourced.  These are the most credible media sources.

·         Associated Press (apnews.com)-USA

Overall, we rate the Associated Press borderline Left-Center Biased due to left-leaning editorializing, but Least Biased on the whole due to balanced story selection. We also rate them Very-High for factual reporting due to proper sourcing and a clean fact check record.

·         Reuters (www.reuters.com)-United Kingdom

Overall, we rate Reuters Least Biased based on objective reporting and Very High for factual reporting due to proper sourcing of information with minimal bias and a clean fact check record.

Left Bias：These media sources are moderately to strongly biased toward liberal causes through story selection and/or political affiliation.  They may utilize strong loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes), publish misleading reports and omit reporting of information that may damage liberal causes. Some sources in this category may be untrustworthy.

·      CNN (www.cnn.com)-USA

Overall, we rate CNN left biased based on editorial positions that consistently favor the left, while straight news reporting falls left-center through bias by omission. We also rate them Mixed for factual reporting due to several failed fact checks by TV hosts. However, news reporting on the website tends to be properly sourced with minimal failed fact checks.

·      Huffington Post (www.huffingtonpost.com)-USA

Overall, we rate HuffPost Left-Biased based on story selection and editorial positions that favor the left. We also rate them Mixed for factual reporting due to failed fact checks and the promotion of pseudoscience.

Left-Center Bias：These media sources have a slight to moderate liberal bias.  They often publish factual information that utilizes loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes) to favor liberal causes.  These sources are generally trustworthy for information, but may require further investigation.

·         ABC News (abcnews.go.com)-USA

·         BBC News (www.bbc.com) -United Kingdom

·         CBS News (www.cbsnews.com) -USA

·         NBC News (www.nbcnews.com) -USA

·         New York Times (www.nytimes.com) -USA

Overall, we rate the New York Times Left-Center biased based on word and story selection that moderately favors the left but highly factual and considered one of the most reliable sources for news information due to proper sourcing and well-respected journalists/editors. The failed fact checks that occurred were on Op-Ed’s and not straight news reporting.

Right-Center Bias：These media sources are slightly to moderately conservative in bias. They often publish factual information that utilizes loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes) to favor conservative causes. These sources are generally trustworthy for information, but may require further investigation.

·         Cato Institute (www.cato.org)

·         Chicago Tribune (www.chicagotribune.com) -USA

Overall, we rate the Chicago Tribune Right-Center biased based on moderately right-leaning editorial positions and High for factual reporting due to a clean fact check record.

·         Forbes (www.forbes.com) -USA

·         New York Post (nypost.com) -USA

·         Wall Street Journal (www.wsj.com) -USA

Right Bias ：These media sources are moderately to strongly biased toward conservative causes through story selection and/or political affiliation. They may utilize strong loaded words (wording that attempts to influence an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes), publish misleading reports and omit reporting of information that may damage conservative causes. Some sources in this category may be untrustworthy.

·         Hudson Institute (www.hudson.org) -USA

Overall, we rate the Hudson Institute Right Biased based on editorial and policy positions that favor the conservative/libertarian right. We also rate them High for factual reporting due to proper sourcing and a clean fact check record.

·         Fox News (www.foxnews.com) -USA

We rate Fox News strongly Right-Biased due to editorial positions and story selection that favors the right. We also rate them Mixed factually and borderline Questionable based on poor sourcing and the spreading of conspiracy theories.

Conspiracy-Pseudoscience

Questionable Sources

Pro-Science

Satire