从比较视角看性教育：学校课程中生殖知识传授的概念化
从比较视角看性教育：学校课程中生殖知识传授的概念化
Sexuality education in comparative perspective: conceptualising reproduction knowledge provision in school curricula
——《性教育》第26卷第2期，2026年3月——
【摘要】本文提出了一种新颖的概念类型学，旨在阐明性教育课程中生殖知识的呈现方式，并将其应用于德国各联邦州的学校课程分析中。鉴于当前尚缺乏系统的概念性研究进路，本文从政策视角审视课程体系，将其视为传达经由政治筛选的生殖相关信息的核心载体。为此，本文构建了一个分析框架，从“规范性”与“全面性”这两个维度对课程进行评估——前者衡量课程内容的具体详尽程度，后者则衡量所涵盖主题的数量。基于此，本文归纳出了四种生殖知识呈现的“理想类型”：剩余型、选择型、广博型和详尽型。这些类型范畴生动刻画了国家权力如何通过性教育课程来塑造生殖知识的供给模式。对各州课程体系的分析揭示出显著的差异性：尽管各州的课程在“全面性”维度上普遍处于相对较低的水平，但在“规范性”维度上的差异幅度却更为悬殊。本文不仅丰富了关于“全面性性教育”的既有文献，更突显了深入审视课程体系内部结构性差异的重要意义。此外，本文还为理解国家如何规制生殖知识的供给提供了深刻洞见，并指出这一规制过程虽至关重要，却在既往研究中长期处于被忽视且缺乏概念化探讨的政策领域。
【关键词】性教育，课程，生殖知识，教育，德国
[Abstract] This article introduces a novel conceptual typology for understanding how reproduction knowledge is provided in sexuality education curricula and applies it to the school curricula in the German federal states. Given the lack of systematic conceptual approaches currently, I examine curricula from a policy perspective by considering them central to conveying politically selected information about reproduction. I advance an analytical framework that assesses curricula along two dimensions: prescriptiveness and comprehensiveness, measuring the number of topics covered, and the degree of detail to which curriculum content is specified. Four ideal types of reproduction knowledge provision are identified: residual, selective, broad, and extensive. These categories describe how states shape the provision of reproduction knowledge through sexuality education curricula. The analysis of curricula reveals significant variation, with relatively low levels of comprehensiveness, while prescriptiveness varies to a greater extent. The article advances the literature on comprehensive sexuality education and highlights the importance of taking a detailed look at structural differences in curricula. It offers insight into how states regulate reproduction knowledge provision, and recognises this process as a crucial yet under-examined and under-conceptualised policy arena.
[Key words] Sexuality education, curriculum, reproduction knowledge, education, Germany
论文原文：Anna E. Kluge (2026). Sexuality education in comparative perspective: conceptualising reproduction knowledge provision in school curricula. Sex Education, Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 156-171. March 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2024.2434759
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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