回顾过去十年青少年心理健康的家庭和基因组研究
研究综述：回顾过去十年青少年心理健康的家庭和基因组研究
Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health
——《儿童心理学与精神病学杂志》2025年第66卷第6期——
【摘要】背景：心理健康问题和精神病理特征在青少年时期很常见，且通常始于青少年时期。数十年的双胞胎研究表明，遗传因素可解释青少年精神病理学中约50%的个体差异。近年来，尤其是在基因组学领域的重大进展，使这项研究朝着更具转化力的方向发展。方法：本综述概述了过去十年青少年发育遗传敏感性研究，涵盖10-24岁青少年的家庭和基因组研究。我们重点关注五个研究主题：(1) 精神病理学的共现或共病，(2) 稳定性与随时间的变化，(3) 代际传递，(4) 基因与环境的相互作用，以及 (5) 心理治疗结果。结果：首先，研究表明，青少年时期精神病理学的共现大多可由遗传因素解释，遗传因素对许多特征具有广泛的多效性影响。其次，青少年时期精神病理学的稳定性主要由持续的遗传影响解释，而变化则由新出现的遗传和环境影响解释。第三，当代双胞胎家庭研究表明，不同的同时发生的遗传和环境机制可能解释了精神病理学的代际传递，并且不同精神病理学类型之间存在一些差异。第四，遗传对青少年精神病理学的影响与多种环境因素相关。然而，由于双胞胎研究和基因组研究的结果不一致，遗传因素与环境相互作用的程度仍不清楚。最后，一些研究表明遗传因素可能在心理治疗反应中发挥作用，但这些结果尚未得到重复。结论：过去十年，青少年精神病理学的遗传敏感性研究取得了显著进展，家庭和双胞胎研究结果开始在基因组水平上得到重复。然而，文献中仍然存在重要的空白，我们最后提出了一些仍需解决的研究问题的建议。
【关键词】青少年；精神病理学；行为遗传学；基因组学
[Abstract] Background: Mental health problems and traits capturing psychopathology are common and often begin during adolescence. Decades of twin studies indicate that genetic factors explain around 50% of individual differences in adolescent psychopathology. In recent years, significant advances, particularly in genomics, have moved this work towards more translational findings. Methods: This review provides an overview of the past decade of genetically sensitive studies on adolescent development, covering both family and genomic studies in adolescents aged 10–24years. We focus on five research themes: (1) co-occurrence or comorbidity between psychopathologies, (2) stability and change over time, (3) intergenerational transmission, (4) gene–environment interplay, and (5) psychological treatment outcomes. Results: First, research shows that much of the co-occurrence of psychopathologies in adolescence is explained by genetic factors, with widespread pleiotropic influences on many traits. Second, stability in psychopathology across adolescence is largely explained by persistent genetic influences, whereas change is explained by emerging genetic and environmental influences. Third, contemporary twin-family studies suggest that different co-occurring genetic and environmental mechanisms may account for the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology, with some differences across psychopathologies. Fourth, genetic influences on adolescent psychopathology are correlated with a wide range of environmental exposures. However, the extent to which genetic factors interact with the environment remains unclear, as findings from both twin and genomic studies are inconsistent. Finally, a few studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in psychological treatment response, but these findings have not yet been replicated. Conclusions: Genetically sensitive research on adolescent psychopathology has progressed significantly in the past decade, with family and twin findings starting to be replicated at the genomic level. However, important gaps remain in the literature, and we conclude by providing suggestions of research questions that still need to be addressed.
[Key words] Adolescence; psychopathology; behavioural genetics; genomics.
论文原文：Geneviève Morneau-Vaillancourt, Elisavet Palaiologou, Tinca J.C. Polderman, Thalia C. Eley (2025). Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Volume 66, Issue 6, Pages 910-927.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14099
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